Scrapy + CaptchaAI 集成指南

Scrapy是最流行的Python爬虫框架。本指南展示了如何使用自定义中间件将 CaptchaAI CAPTCHA 解决方案添加到蜘蛛中。

要求

pip install scrapy requests

CaptchaAI 解算器模块

在 Scrapy 项目根目录中创建 captcha_solver.py：

import requests
import time


class CaptchaAISolver:
    def __init__(self, api_key):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.base_url = "https://ocr.captchaai.com"

    def solve_recaptcha(self, site_key, page_url, timeout=300):
        resp = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/in.php", params={
            "key": self.api_key,
            "method": "userrecaptcha",
            "googlekey": site_key,
            "pageurl": page_url,
        })

        if not resp.text.startswith("OK|"):
            raise Exception(f"Submit failed: {resp.text}")

        task_id = resp.text.split("|")[1]
        deadline = time.time() + timeout

        while time.time() < deadline:
            time.sleep(5)
            result = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/res.php", params={
                "key": self.api_key,
                "action": "get",
                "id": task_id,
            })

            if result.text == "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
                continue
            if result.text.startswith("OK|"):
                return result.text.split("|", 1)[1]
            raise Exception(f"Solve failed: {result.text}")

        raise TimeoutError(f"Task {task_id} timed out")

    def solve_image(self, image_base64, timeout=120):
        resp = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/in.php", params={
            "key": self.api_key,
            "method": "base64",
            "body": image_base64,
        })

        if not resp.text.startswith("OK|"):
            raise Exception(f"Submit failed: {resp.text}")

        task_id = resp.text.split("|")[1]
        deadline = time.time() + timeout

        while time.time() < deadline:
            time.sleep(5)
            result = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/res.php", params={
                "key": self.api_key,
                "action": "get",
                "id": task_id,
            })

            if result.text == "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
                continue
            if result.text.startswith("OK|"):
                return result.text.split("|", 1)[1]
            raise Exception(f"Solve failed: {result.text}")

        raise TimeoutError(f"Task {task_id} timed out")

Scrapy中间件

创建middlewares.py：

import base64
import re
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from captcha_solver import CaptchaAISolver


class CaptchaAIMiddleware:
    """Scrapy downloader middleware that detects and solves CAPTCHAs."""

    def __init__(self, api_key):
        self.solver = CaptchaAISolver(api_key)

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        api_key = crawler.settings.get("CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY")
        if not api_key:
            raise ValueError("CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY setting is required")
        return cls(api_key)

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Check for reCAPTCHA on the page
        site_key = self._find_recaptcha_key(response.text)
        if site_key:
            spider.logger.info(f"reCAPTCHA detected on {response.url}")
            token = self.solver.solve_recaptcha(site_key, response.url)
            request.meta["captcha_token"] = token
            spider.logger.info("CAPTCHA solved successfully")

        # Check for image CAPTCHA
        captcha_img = self._find_image_captcha(response)
        if captcha_img:
            spider.logger.info(f"Image CAPTCHA detected on {response.url}")
            text = self.solver.solve_image(captcha_img)
            request.meta["captcha_text"] = text
            spider.logger.info(f"Image CAPTCHA solved: {text}")

        return response

    def _find_recaptcha_key(self, html):
        match = re.search(
            r'data-sitekey=["\']([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)["\']', html
        )
        return match.group(1) if match else None

    def _find_image_captcha(self, response):
        img = response.css("img#captcha-image::attr(src)").get()
        if img and img.startswith("data:image"):
            return img.split(",", 1)[1]
        return None

设置配置

添加到settings.py：

import os

CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY = os.environ.get("CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY")

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    "myproject.middlewares.CaptchaAIMiddleware": 560,
}

蜘蛛示例

import scrapy


class ProductSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "products"
    start_urls = ["https://example.com/products"]

    def parse(self, response):
        # If CAPTCHA was solved, the token is in meta
        token = response.meta.get("captcha_token")
        if token:
            # Resubmit the page with the token
            yield scrapy.FormRequest(
                url=response.url,
                formdata={"g-recaptcha-response": token},
                callback=self.parse_products,
            )
        else:
            yield from self.parse_products(response)

    def parse_products(self, response):
        for product in response.css(".product-item"):
            yield {
                "name": product.css("h2::text").get(),
                "price": product.css(".price::text").get(),
                "url": response.urljoin(
                    product.css("a::attr(href)").get()
                ),
            }

        next_page = response.css("a.next-page::attr(href)").get()
        if next_page:
            yield scrapy.Request(response.urljoin(next_page))

在验证码页面上重试

添加验证码出现时自动重试：

class CaptchaRetryMiddleware:
    """Retry requests that return CAPTCHA challenge pages."""

    max_retries = 3

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        if self._is_captcha_page(response):
            retries = request.meta.get("captcha_retries", 0)
            if retries < self.max_retries:
                request.meta["captcha_retries"] = retries + 1
                spider.logger.info(
                    f"CAPTCHA page detected, retry {retries + 1}"
                )
                return request.copy()

        return response

    def _is_captcha_page(self, response):
        indicators = [
            "g-recaptcha",
            "cf-turnstile",
            "captcha-image",
            "Please verify you are human",
        ]
        return any(ind in response.text for ind in indicators)

运行蜘蛛

export CAPTCHAAI_API_KEY="YOUR_API_KEY"
scrapy crawl products -o products.json

故障排除

常问问题

我可以将其与 Scrapy-Splash 或 Scrapy-Playwright 一起使用吗？

是的。对于 JavaScript 渲染的页面，中间件的工作方式相同 - 它检查 CAPTCHA 元素的最终 HTML 响应。

中间件会减慢爬行速度吗？

每页验证码求解需要 5-15 秒。等待时使用CONCURRENT_REQUESTS抓取其他页面。只有带有验证码的页面才会导致延迟。

如何处理每页不同的验证码类型？

扩展中间件的 process_response 方法来检查 Turnstile、GeeTest 或其他类型并调用适当的求解器方法。

相关指南

• 验证码抓取 Python 指南
• HTTPX + CaptchaAI 集成
• aiohttp + CaptchaAI 异步