自动化完整的结帐流程 - 购物车 → 运输 → 付款 → 确认 - 在每个阶段处理验证码。
验证码出现在结帐中的位置
| 阶段 | 常见验证码类型 | 扳机 |
|---|---|---|
| 添加到购物车 | reCAPTCHA v3（不可见） | 机器人预防 |
| 登录/guest结账 | reCAPTCHA v2 | 账户验证 |
| 收件地址 | 旋转门 | 速率限制 |
| 支付页面 | reCAPTCHA v2/v3 | 预防欺诈 |
| 订单确认 | reCAPTCHA v2 | 最终验证 |
建筑学
┌────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ Cart │───▶│ Shipping │───▶│ Payment │───▶│ Review │───▶│ Confirm │
│ │ │ Address │ │ Info │ │ Order │ │ │
└────────┘ └───────────┘ └──────────┘ └─────────┘ └──────────┘
│ │ │ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
[CAPTCHA?] [CAPTCHA?] [CAPTCHA?] [CAPTCHA?] [CAPTCHA?]
核心实施
自动结帐机
import time
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
class CaptchaSolver:
BASE = "https://ocr.captchaai.com"
def __init__(self, api_key):
self.api_key = api_key
def solve(self, params, initial_wait=10):
params["key"] = self.api_key
params["json"] = 1
resp = requests.post(f"{self.BASE}/in.php", data=params).json()
if resp["status"] != 1:
raise Exception(resp["request"])
task_id = resp["request"]
time.sleep(initial_wait)
for _ in range(60):
result = requests.get(
f"{self.BASE}/res.php",
params={"key": self.api_key, "action": "get", "id": task_id, "json": 1},
).json()
if result["request"] == "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
time.sleep(5)
continue
if result["status"] == 1:
return result["request"]
raise Exception(result["request"])
raise TimeoutError("Timed out")
class CheckoutAutomator:
def __init__(self, api_key):
self.solver = CaptchaSolver(api_key)
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 15)
def _find(self, selector):
return self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, selector)))
def _click(self, selector):
self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, selector))).click()
def _fill(self, selector, value):
el = self._find(selector)
el.clear()
el.send_keys(value)
def _solve_if_captcha(self):
"""Check for and solve any CAPTCHA on the current page."""
html = self.driver.page_source
page_url = self.driver.current_url
# Turnstile
turnstile = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".cf-turnstile")
if turnstile:
sitekey = turnstile[0].get_attribute("data-sitekey")
token = self.solver.solve({
"method": "turnstile",
"sitekey": sitekey,
"pageurl": page_url,
})
self.driver.execute_script(
f'document.querySelector("[name=cf-turnstile-response]").value = "{token}";'
)
return "turnstile"
# reCAPTCHA
recaptcha = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-sitekey]")
if recaptcha and "recaptcha" in html.lower():
sitekey = recaptcha[0].get_attribute("data-sitekey")
# Check if v3 (invisible)
if "grecaptcha.execute" in html:
token = self.solver.solve({
"method": "userrecaptcha",
"googlekey": sitekey,
"pageurl": page_url,
"version": "v3",
"action": "checkout",
}, initial_wait=20)
else:
token = self.solver.solve({
"method": "userrecaptcha",
"googlekey": sitekey,
"pageurl": page_url,
})
self.driver.execute_script(
f'document.querySelector("[name=g-recaptcha-response]").value = "{token}";'
)
return "recaptcha"
return None
# --- Checkout Steps ---
def add_to_cart(self, product_url, quantity=1):
"""Step 1: Navigate to product and add to cart."""
self.driver.get(product_url)
time.sleep(2)
# Set quantity if field exists
qty_fields = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name='quantity']")
if qty_fields:
qty_fields[0].clear()
qty_fields[0].send_keys(str(quantity))
self._solve_if_captcha()
self._click("[data-action='add-to-cart'], .add-to-cart, #add-to-cart")
time.sleep(2)
return True
def fill_shipping(self, address):
"""Step 2: Fill shipping address."""
self._solve_if_captcha()
field_map = {
"first_name": "#shipping-first-name, [name='firstName']",
"last_name": "#shipping-last-name, [name='lastName']",
"address": "#shipping-address, [name='address1']",
"city": "#shipping-city, [name='city']",
"state": "#shipping-state, [name='state']",
"zip": "#shipping-zip, [name='postalCode']",
"phone": "#shipping-phone, [name='phone']",
}
for field, selectors in field_map.items():
if field in address:
for selector in selectors.split(", "):
elements = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, selector)
if elements:
elements[0].clear()
elements[0].send_keys(address[field])
break
self._solve_if_captcha()
self._click("[data-step='shipping-submit'], .continue-to-payment")
time.sleep(2)
return True
def fill_payment(self, payment):
"""Step 3: Fill payment information."""
self._solve_if_captcha()
# Handle iframe for card fields (common pattern)
iframes = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "iframe[name*='card']")
if iframes:
self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframes[0])
self._fill("input[name='cardnumber']", payment["card_number"])
self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
if len(iframes) > 1:
self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframes[1])
self._fill("input[name='exp-date']", payment["expiry"])
self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
if len(iframes) > 2:
self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframes[2])
self._fill("input[name='cvc']", payment["cvv"])
self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
else:
# Direct fields
self._fill("[name='cardNumber'], #card-number", payment["card_number"])
self._fill("[name='expiry'], #card-expiry", payment["expiry"])
self._fill("[name='cvv'], #card-cvv", payment["cvv"])
self._solve_if_captcha()
self._click("[data-step='payment-submit'], .continue-to-review")
time.sleep(2)
return True
def confirm_order(self):
"""Step 4: Review and confirm order."""
self._solve_if_captcha()
self._click("[data-step='confirm'], .place-order, #place-order")
time.sleep(3)
# Check for confirmation
html = self.driver.page_source.lower()
if "order confirmed" in html or "thank you" in html or "confirmation" in html:
return True
return False
def run_checkout(self, product_url, address, payment, quantity=1):
"""Run complete checkout flow."""
steps = [
("Add to cart", lambda: self.add_to_cart(product_url, quantity)),
("Proceed to checkout", lambda: self._click(".checkout-btn, a[href*='checkout']")),
("Fill shipping", lambda: self.fill_shipping(address)),
("Fill payment", lambda: self.fill_payment(payment)),
("Confirm order", lambda: self.confirm_order()),
]
for step_name, step_fn in steps:
print(f"Step: {step_name}...")
try:
result = step_fn()
print(f" ✓ {step_name} complete")
except Exception as e:
print(f" ✗ {step_name} failed: {e}")
return False
return True
def close(self):
self.driver.quit()
用法
automator = CheckoutAutomator("YOUR_API_KEY")
try:
success = automator.run_checkout(
product_url="https://store.example.com/product/widget-pro",
address={
"first_name": "Jane",
"last_name": "Smith",
"address": "123 Test Street",
"city": "San Francisco",
"state": "CA",
"zip": "94102",
"phone": "415-555-0100",
},
payment={
"card_number": "4111111111111111",
"expiry": "12/26",
"cvv": "123",
},
quantity=1,
)
print(f"Checkout {'succeeded' if success else 'failed'}")
finally:
automator.close()
处理边缘情况
验证错误后出现验证码
def retry_step_with_captcha(self, step_fn, max_retries=2):
for attempt in range(max_retries + 1):
try:
return step_fn()
except Exception:
if attempt < max_retries:
self._solve_if_captcha()
continue
raise
基于会话的验证码
有些网站仅在每个会话的第一个请求上显示验证码。使用浏览器 cookie 来维护跨步骤的会话。
动态表单字段
def wait_for_step(self, indicator_selector, timeout=15):
"""Wait for a step to fully load before proceeding."""
WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, indicator_selector))
)
故障排除
| 问题 | 原因 | 处理方式 |
|---|---|---|
| 付款时验证码令牌被拒绝 | 令牌已过期 | 在点击提交之前立即解决验证码 |
| 卡片字段未填写 | Stripe/Braintree iframe | 填充前切换到iframe |
| 结帐重定向到登录 | 会话已过期 | 结帐前添加登录步骤 |
| 订单默默失败 | 缺少必填字段 | 每个步骤后检查错误消息 |
常问问题
我可以在没有实际付款的情况下测试结账流程吗？
是的。大多数电商平台都有带有测试卡号的沙箱/test模式。 CaptchaAI 在测试环境中解决了相同的验证码。
如何处理不同的结帐布局？
使用 CSS 选择器回退模式 (selector1, selector2) 来匹配常见变体。为特定站点定制选择器。
一页结帐怎么样？
调整流程以填充一页上的所有字段，并在最终提交之前调用 _solve_if_captcha() 一次。
相关指南
- 自动表单提交
- API快速参考
自动结帐测试 -使用 CaptchaAI 处理验证码.
