使用验证码处理进行法律研究网络抓取

法律数据库、法院归档系统和判例法存储库使用验证码保护其数据。律师事务所、法律科技公司和合规团队需要自动访问搜索判例法、监控备案和汇总监管数据。 CaptchaAI 处理这些门户上的验证码挑战。

合法数据源和验证码

判例法搜索引擎

import requests
import time
import re
import base64
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv

CAPTCHAAI_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"
CAPTCHAAI_URL = "https://ocr.captchaai.com"


def solve_recaptcha(sitekey, pageurl):
    resp = requests.post(f"{CAPTCHAAI_URL}/in.php", data={
        "key": CAPTCHAAI_KEY, "method": "userrecaptcha",
        "googlekey": sitekey, "pageurl": pageurl, "json": 1,
    })
    task_id = resp.json()["request"]
    for _ in range(60):
        time.sleep(5)
        result = requests.get(f"{CAPTCHAAI_URL}/res.php", params={
            "key": CAPTCHAAI_KEY, "action": "get",
            "id": task_id, "json": 1,
        })
        data = result.json()
        if data["request"] != "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
            return data["request"]
    raise TimeoutError("Timeout")


def solve_image_captcha(image_bytes):
    img_b64 = base64.b64encode(image_bytes).decode()
    resp = requests.post(f"{CAPTCHAAI_URL}/in.php", data={
        "key": CAPTCHAAI_KEY, "method": "base64",
        "body": img_b64, "json": 1,
    })
    task_id = resp.json()["request"]
    for _ in range(20):
        time.sleep(3)
        result = requests.get(f"{CAPTCHAAI_URL}/res.php", params={
            "key": CAPTCHAAI_KEY, "action": "get",
            "id": task_id, "json": 1,
        })
        data = result.json()
        if data["request"] != "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
            return data["request"]
    raise TimeoutError("Timeout")


class LegalResearchScraper:
    def __init__(self, proxy=None):
        self.session = requests.Session()
        if proxy:
            self.session.proxies = {"http": proxy, "https": proxy}
        self.session.headers.update({
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) "
            "AppleWebKit/537.36 Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
        })

    def search_cases(self, search_url, query, sitekey=None, max_pages=5):
        """Search case law database."""
        all_cases = []

        for page in range(max_pages):
            url = f"{search_url}?q={query}&page={page + 1}"
            resp = self.session.get(url, timeout=30)

            if self._has_captcha(resp.text):
                if sitekey:
                    token = solve_recaptcha(sitekey, url)
                    resp = self.session.post(url, data={
                        "q": query,
                        "g-recaptcha-response": token,
                    })
                else:
                    resp = self._solve_image_and_retry(resp.text, url, query)

            cases = self._parse_cases(resp.text)
            if not cases:
                break

            all_cases.extend(cases)
            print(f"Page {page + 1}: {len(cases)} cases")
            time.sleep(5)

        return all_cases

    def get_case_details(self, case_url):
        """Fetch full case details."""
        resp = self.session.get(case_url, timeout=30)

        if self._has_captcha(resp.text):
            sitekey = self._extract_sitekey(resp.text)
            if sitekey:
                token = solve_recaptcha(sitekey, case_url)
                resp = self.session.post(case_url, data={
                    "g-recaptcha-response": token,
                })

        soup = BeautifulSoup(resp.text, "html.parser")
        return {
            "title": self._text(soup, "h1, .case-title"),
            "citation": self._text(soup, ".citation, .case-cite"),
            "court": self._text(soup, ".court, .jurisdiction"),
            "date": self._text(soup, ".decision-date, .date-decided"),
            "judge": self._text(soup, ".judge, .authored-by"),
            "summary": self._text(soup, ".summary, .headnote"),
            "url": case_url,
        }

    def monitor_docket(self, docket_url, case_number, sitekey=None):
        """Monitor a specific case docket for new filings."""
        resp = self.session.get(docket_url, timeout=30)

        data = {"case_number": case_number}
        if sitekey and self._has_captcha(resp.text):
            token = solve_recaptcha(sitekey, docket_url)
            data["g-recaptcha-response"] = token

        resp = self.session.post(docket_url, data=data)
        return self._parse_docket(resp.text)

    def export_results(self, cases, filename):
        """Export case results to CSV."""
        if not cases:
            return
        with open(filename, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=cases[0].keys())
            writer.writeheader()
            writer.writerows(cases)

    def _has_captcha(self, html):
        return any(tag in html.lower() for tag in [
            'data-sitekey', 'g-recaptcha', 'captcha',
        ])

    def _extract_sitekey(self, html):
        match = re.search(r'data-sitekey="([^"]+)"', html)
        return match.group(1) if match else None

    def _solve_image_and_retry(self, html, url, query):
        match = re.search(r'src="(/captcha[^"]+)"', html)
        if match:
            img_url = url.split("?")[0].rstrip("/") + match.group(1)
            img = self.session.get(img_url)
            answer = solve_image_captcha(img.content)
            return self.session.post(url, data={
                "q": query,
                "captcha": answer,
            })
        return self.session.get(url)

    def _parse_cases(self, html):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
        cases = []
        for item in soup.select(".case-result, .search-result, tr.result"):
            title_el = item.select_one("a, .case-name")
            if title_el:
                cases.append({
                    "title": title_el.get_text(strip=True),
                    "url": title_el.get("href", ""),
                    "citation": self._text(item, ".citation, .cite"),
                    "date": self._text(item, ".date"),
                    "court": self._text(item, ".court"),
                })
        return cases

    def _parse_docket(self, html):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
        entries = []
        for row in soup.select(".docket-entry, tr.filing"):
            entries.append({
                "date": self._text(row, ".date, td:first-child"),
                "entry": self._text(row, ".description, td:nth-child(2)"),
                "filed_by": self._text(row, ".filer, td:nth-child(3)"),
            })
        return entries

    def _text(self, el, selector):
        found = el.select_one(selector)
        return found.get_text(strip=True) if found else ""


# Usage
scraper = LegalResearchScraper(
    proxy="http://user:pass@residential.proxy.com:5000"
)

# Search case law
cases = scraper.search_cases(
    search_url="https://caselaw.example.com/search",
    query="data privacy GDPR",
    max_pages=5,
)

# Get details for relevant cases
for case in cases[:10]:
    if case["url"]:
        details = scraper.get_case_details(case["url"])
        print(f"{details['citation']}: {details['title']}")
        time.sleep(3)

# Export results
scraper.export_results(cases, "gdpr_cases.csv")

监管监控

class RegulatoryMonitor:
    def __init__(self, proxy=None):
        self.scraper = LegalResearchScraper(proxy=proxy)
        self.seen_entries = set()

    def check_new_filings(self, feeds):
        """Check regulatory portals for new filings."""
        new_filings = []

        for feed in feeds:
            try:
                cases = self.scraper.search_cases(
                    feed["url"], feed["query"],
                    sitekey=feed.get("sitekey"),
                    max_pages=2,
                )

                for case in cases:
                    key = case.get("citation") or case.get("title")
                    if key and key not in self.seen_entries:
                        self.seen_entries.add(key)
                        case["source"] = feed["name"]
                        new_filings.append(case)

            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error checking {feed['name']}: {e}")

            time.sleep(5)

        return new_filings

故障排除

常问问题

自动访问法庭记录合法吗？

公共法庭记录通常是可以查阅的。无论访问方式如何，PACER 都会按页收取费用。始终遵守系统速率限制和使用条款。

我如何处理 PACER 费用？

PACER 按页收费。规划批量数据收集时的费用预算。考虑使用 RECAP（免费存档）来获取已下载的文档。

哪些法律数据库拥有最多的验证码？

州法院系统最差——许多使用较旧的图像验证码。联邦法院 (PACER) 使用 reCAPTCHA v2。专利数据库也经常触发验证码。

相关指南

• 政府门户自动化
• 学术研究抓取
• 轮换自有服务器基础设施

简化法律研究——获取您的 CaptchaAI 密钥并自动化判例法和档案搜索。