自动缩放验证码解决工作人员

静态工作池在安静时段会浪费金钱，并在高峰时段会造成瓶颈。自动扩展将工作人员数量与实际需求相匹配，从而优化成本和吞吐量。

缩放信号

基于线程的自动缩放器

在单个进程中扩展工作线程：

import os
import time
import threading
import requests
import json
import redis


class AutoScalingPool:
    """Dynamically scale CaptchaAI worker threads."""

    def __init__(self, api_key, redis_url="redis://localhost:6379"):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.redis = redis.from_url(redis_url)
        self.base = "https://ocr.captchaai.com"
        self.queue_key = "captcha:tasks"
        self.results_key = "captcha:results"

        self.min_workers = 2
        self.max_workers = 20
        self.workers = []
        self.active_count = 0
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.running = True

    def start(self):
        """Start the pool with minimum workers."""
        for _ in range(self.min_workers):
            self._add_worker()

        # Start scaler in background
        scaler = threading.Thread(target=self._scaling_loop, daemon=True)
        scaler.start()
        print(f"Pool started with {self.min_workers} workers")

    def _add_worker(self):
        """Add a worker thread."""
        if len(self.workers) >= self.max_workers:
            return
        t = threading.Thread(target=self._worker_loop, daemon=True)
        t.start()
        self.workers.append(t)

    def _remove_worker(self):
        """Signal one worker to stop (lazy removal)."""
        if len(self.workers) <= self.min_workers:
            return
        self.workers.pop()  # Thread will exit on next idle cycle

    def _worker_loop(self):
        """Worker loop: fetch and process tasks."""
        while self.running and threading.current_thread() in self.workers:
            result = self.redis.blpop(self.queue_key, timeout=10)
            if result is None:
                continue

            _, raw = result
            task = json.loads(raw)
            task_id = task["id"]

            with self.lock:
                self.active_count += 1

            try:
                token = self._solve(task["method"], task["params"])
                self.redis.hset(self.results_key, task_id, json.dumps({
                    "status": "success", "token": token,
                }))
            except Exception as e:
                self.redis.hset(self.results_key, task_id, json.dumps({
                    "status": "error", "error": str(e),
                }))
            finally:
                with self.lock:
                    self.active_count -= 1

    def _scaling_loop(self):
        """Periodically adjust worker count."""
        while self.running:
            time.sleep(10)

            queue_depth = self.redis.llen(self.queue_key)
            current = len(self.workers)
            utilization = (
                self.active_count / current * 100 if current > 0 else 0
            )

            # Scale up: queue growing and workers busy
            if queue_depth > 20 and utilization > 70:
                new_count = min(current + 2, self.max_workers)
                while len(self.workers) < new_count:
                    self._add_worker()
                print(f"Scaled up: {current} → {len(self.workers)} workers")

            # Scale down: queue empty and workers idle
            elif queue_depth < 5 and utilization < 20:
                target = max(current - 1, self.min_workers)
                while len(self.workers) > target:
                    self._remove_worker()
                if len(self.workers) < current:
                    print(f"Scaled down: {current} → {len(self.workers)} workers")

    def _solve(self, method, params, timeout=120):
        data = {"key": self.api_key, "method": method, "json": 1}
        data.update(params)

        resp = requests.post(
            f"{self.base}/in.php", data=data, timeout=30,
        )
        result = resp.json()

        if result.get("status") != 1:
            raise RuntimeError(result.get("request"))

        captcha_id = result["request"]
        start = time.time()

        while time.time() - start < timeout:
            time.sleep(5)
            resp = requests.get(f"{self.base}/res.php", params={
                "key": self.api_key,
                "action": "get",
                "id": captcha_id,
                "json": 1,
            }, timeout=15)
            data = resp.json()
            if data["request"] != "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
                if data.get("status") == 1:
                    return data["request"]
                raise RuntimeError(data["request"])

        raise TimeoutError("Solve timeout")

    def stats(self):
        return {
            "workers": len(self.workers),
            "active": self.active_count,
            "queue": self.redis.llen(self.queue_key),
        }


# Usage
pool = AutoScalingPool(os.environ["CAPTCHAAI_KEY"])
pool.start()

# Monitor
while True:
    print(pool.stats())
    time.sleep(30)

基于流程的自动缩放器

缩放工作进程以实现 CPU 隔离：

import multiprocessing
import time
import redis
import os


class ProcessScaler:
    """Scale worker processes based on queue depth."""

    def __init__(self, worker_fn, redis_url="redis://localhost:6379"):
        self.worker_fn = worker_fn
        self.redis = redis.from_url(redis_url)
        self.processes = []
        self.min_workers = 2
        self.max_workers = 16

    def run(self, check_interval=15):
        """Run the scaler loop."""
        # Start minimum workers
        for _ in range(self.min_workers):
            self._spawn()

        while True:
            time.sleep(check_interval)
            self._cleanup_dead()

            queue_depth = self.redis.llen("captcha:tasks")
            current = len(self.processes)

            # Scale up
            if queue_depth > current * 5 and current < self.max_workers:
                to_add = min(
                    max(1, queue_depth // 10),
                    self.max_workers - current,
                )
                for _ in range(to_add):
                    self._spawn()
                print(f"Scaled up to {len(self.processes)} workers")

            # Scale down
            elif queue_depth < 3 and current > self.min_workers:
                to_remove = min(2, current - self.min_workers)
                for _ in range(to_remove):
                    p = self.processes.pop()
                    p.terminate()
                print(f"Scaled down to {len(self.processes)} workers")

    def _spawn(self):
        p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.worker_fn)
        p.start()
        self.processes.append(p)

    def _cleanup_dead(self):
        self.processes = [p for p in self.processes if p.is_alive()]
        # Ensure minimum
        while len(self.processes) < self.min_workers:
            self._spawn()

平衡感知缩放

当资金不足时停止扩容：

def check_balance(api_key, min_balance=2.0):
    """Check if balance is sufficient for scaling."""
    resp = requests.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", params={
        "key": api_key,
        "action": "getbalance",
        "json": 1,
    }, timeout=15)
    balance = float(resp.json()["request"])

    if balance < min_balance:
        print(f"Balance ${balance:.2f} below ${min_balance} — halting scale-up")
        return False
    return True

集成到缩放循环中：

# In _scaling_loop:
if queue_depth > 20 and utilization > 70:
    if check_balance(self.api_key, min_balance=2.0):
        # Scale up
        ...
    else:
        print("Scaling paused — low balance")

扩展策略比较

故障排除

常问问题

正确的工人与队列的比例是多少？

目标是每 5-10 个排队任务有 1 个工作人员。每个工作人员每分钟处理约 3-6 个验证码，具体取决于类型。

我应该使用线程还是进程？

用于纯 API 调用的线程（CaptchaAI 是 I/O-bound）。当您在求解的同时还进行图像预处理或大量计算时进行处理。

我应该多快扩大规模？

快速扩大规模（每 10-15 秒检查一次），缓慢缩小规模（低负载时等待 30-60 秒）。这可以防止状态之间的颠簸。

相关指南

• Kubernetes 作业队列
• Prometheus/Grafana 监控

智能规模——获取您的 CaptchaAI 密钥今天。